Category: Education in the AI Age

  • What Am I Even Teaching Anymore? Enduring Understandings, Fleeting Trends, and the Ever-Shifting Ground of Freshman Composition

    What Am I Even Teaching Anymore? Enduring Understandings, Fleeting Trends, and the Ever-Shifting Ground of Freshman Composition

    After four decades of teaching college writing, you’d think I’d have my units and essay prompts locked in, shrink-wrapped, and ready to microwave. Not quite. The world moves fast. Prompts that feel brilliant on Tuesday can feel dated by Friday. TikTok didn’t exist when I started teaching. Neither did smartphones, influencers, or GLP-1 agonists. So instead of clinging to yesterday’s prompts like a hoarder clutching expired coupons, I chase the deeper prize: Enduring Understandings—those sticky, soul-level questions that live beyond the classroom and follow students into the messiness of real life. (Hat tip to Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe, who gave this idea a name and a purpose.)

    This fall, my freshman comp class includes the college football team, which means our opening unit now tackles (yes, pun intended) the sport that defines American spectacle and denial. But this isn’t your uncle’s barstool rant about “kids these days.” We’ll use football as a lens to examine risk, consent, identity, and systemic power—big stuff disguised in helmets and shoulder pads.

    Whether my students wear cleats or Converse, I want them grappling with questions that matter: Why do we chase short-term glory when the long-term cost might be our body, our brain, or our soul? What do we sacrifice on the altar of performance—on the field, online, or in life?

    Here’s how the year breaks down:


    Freshman Composition and Critical Thinking

    Freshman Composition Class

    Unit 1: Gladiators in Pads: Risk, Consent, and the Business of Football
    Is football a sacred rite of passage or a meat grinder in cleats? Students will write about acceptable risk, consent, glory, money, and whether football is a path to opportunity—or exploitation wrapped in pageantry.

    Unit 2: Heroism and Resistance to the Sunken Place
    From Frederick Douglass to Malcolm X, from Get Out to Black Panther, students will explore how marginalized figures resist dehumanization and transform themselves. We’ll examine what it means to climb out of the “Sunken Place”—and why it matters.

    Unit 3: The Loneliness of the Digitally Depressed
    With help from Black Mirror (“Nosedive” and “Fifteen Million Merits”), students will explore the connection between online performance and psychological breakdown. Are we curating ourselves into oblivion?


    Critical Thinking Class

    Unit 1: Willpower Is Not a Weight-Loss Strategy
    Ozempic is here, and the willpower gospel is wobbling. Students will unpack the moral panic surrounding weight-loss drugs and debate what happens when biotech and body image collide.

    Unit 2: The Mirage of Self-Reinvention
    From Fitzgerald’s doomed dreamers to Black Mirror’s algorithmic puppets, we’ll examine how the myth of personal reinvention can go horribly wrong—and why losing control of your narrative is the ultimate modern horror.

    Unit 3: Culinary Code-Switching or Cultural Betrayal?
    Food as survival, as art, as compromise. We’ll trace the tangled line between adaptation and erasure in the Americanization of Chinese and Mexican cuisines. When is fusion a celebration—and when is it a sellout?


    Teaching writing in this century means teaching students how to think clearly while the world gaslights them with dopamine and distraction. These units won’t solve that problem, but they’ll make sure we’re asking the right questions while we’re still allowed to.

  • The Mirage of Self-Invention in “Winter Dreams” and “The Overcoat”: 3 College Essay Prompts

    The Mirage of Self-Invention in “Winter Dreams” and “The Overcoat”: 3 College Essay Prompts

    Here are three essay prompts suitable for a 9-paragraph essay comparing F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “Winter Dreams” and Nikolai Gogol’s “The Overcoat” as stories of protagonists seduced and ultimately undone by illusions and magical thinking:


    1. The Price of the Dream: Compare how Dexter Green and Akaky Akakievich are destroyed by their obsession with an ideal—Dexter by the illusion of Judy Jones and material success, Akaky by the fantasy of respect and dignity through his overcoat. How do these dreams function as chimeras that blind them to the realities of their lives, and what commentary do the authors make about the cost of such illusions?


    2. Magic, Madness, and Misery: In both stories, the protagonists engage in magical thinking—believing that the acquisition of something (Judy Jones, a new coat) will transform their lives. Write an essay analyzing how Fitzgerald and Gogol expose the dangers of such thinking. How does each story depict the psychological unraveling that comes from chasing the unattainable?


    3. The Mirage of Self-Invention: Both Dexter and Akaky attempt to remake themselves—Dexter as a wealthy man worthy of Judy’s love, Akaky as a figure of dignity through his new coat. Compare how each character’s pursuit of self-reinvention leads to disappointment and loss. To what extent do their transformations represent a tragic misunderstanding of what it means to have real value in the world?


    Here are three detailed 9-paragraph essay outlines, each corresponding to one of the prompts comparing “Winter Dreams” by F. Scott Fitzgerald and “The Overcoat” by Nikolai Gogol. Each outline includes an introduction, thesis, body paragraphs with specific focus, and a conclusion.


    Essay Prompt 1: The Price of the Dream

    Compare how Dexter Green and Akaky Akakievich are destroyed by their obsession with an ideal. How do these dreams function as chimeras, and what commentary do the authors make about the cost of such illusions?

    Paragraph 1 – Introduction

    • Brief overview of both stories.
    • Introduce the concept of a chimera: an impossible dream that leads to downfall.
    • Thesis: In both “Winter Dreams” and “The Overcoat,” Fitzgerald and Gogol portray protagonists who fall prey to illusions that promise fulfillment but ultimately betray them, exposing the emotional and existential cost of chasing fantasies over reality.

    Paragraph 2 – Dexter’s Chimera: Judy Jones

    • Dexter’s obsession with Judy as the ultimate symbol of wealth, beauty, and success.
    • Judy as an ever-elusive figure—beautiful, but hollow.
    • Dexter’s belief that possessing her equals self-worth.

    Paragraph 3 – Akaky’s Chimera: The Overcoat

    • Akaky’s fantasy that a new overcoat will win him respect, status, and maybe even love.
    • The coat as a magical object, a transformational talisman.
    • His growing sense of identity tied solely to the garment.

    Paragraph 4 – The Tragic Consequences for Dexter

    • Dexter achieves wealth but not happiness.
    • Judy abandons him; he is left disillusioned.
    • Final realization: his dream was always a mirage.

    Paragraph 5 – The Tragic Consequences for Akaky

    • Akaky’s brief euphoria ends when the coat is stolen.
    • His decline and death—heartbroken, powerless, invisible.
    • Posthumous “revenge” as ghost = futile compensation.

    Paragraph 6 – Social and Cultural Commentary

    • Fitzgerald: critique of the American Dream and the commodification of love.
    • Gogol: satire of bureaucratic society, classism, and the dehumanization of the poor.

    Paragraph 7 – Emotional and Psychological Decay

    • Dexter’s emptiness and regret.
    • Akaky’s brief hope turns to despair and madness.
    • Both lose their sense of self to the illusion.

    Paragraph 8 – Comparative Analysis

    • Dexter’s dream is tied to class and romance; Akaky’s is tied to dignity and survival.
    • Both are naïve, driven, and ultimately crushed by the systems they trust.
    • Different cultural settings, same existential outcome.

    Paragraph 9 – Conclusion

    • Reiterate thesis: dreams without substance are deadly.
    • Final thought: Fitzgerald and Gogol warn us that illusions, when mistaken for meaning, don’t just fail—they devour.

    Essay Prompt 2: Magic, Madness, and Misery

    Analyze how Fitzgerald and Gogol expose the dangers of magical thinking and the psychological unraveling that results.

    Paragraph 1 – Introduction

    • Define “magical thinking” as irrational belief that one action or item can change one’s destiny.
    • Introduce both stories as cautionary tales.
    • Thesis: Through Dexter’s fixation on Judy and Akaky’s devotion to his coat, both stories reveal how magical thinking replaces reason with delusion, leading to madness and misery.

    Paragraph 2 – Magical Thinking Defined in Dexter’s World

    • Dexter believes love from Judy will redeem and elevate him.
    • Idealizes Judy as a goddess rather than a real person.
    • Sacrifices stability and happiness chasing her illusion.

    Paragraph 3 – Magical Thinking in Akaky’s Mind

    • Akaky treats the coat like a sacred relic.
    • Believes it will elevate him socially and emotionally.
    • Misplaces his hopes on material transformation.

    Paragraph 4 – Signs of Delusion in Dexter

    • Dexter ignores Judy’s flaws and cruelty.
    • Refuses real relationships in pursuit of a fantasy.
    • Fails to recognize the hollowness of his goal until it’s too late.

    Paragraph 5 – Signs of Delusion in Akaky

    • Treats the coat with religious reverence.
    • Withdraws emotionally once it’s gone.
    • Slips into a madness that leads to death and ghostly wandering.

    Paragraph 6 – Authors’ Techniques: Tone and Irony

    • Fitzgerald’s bittersweet irony in Dexter’s final reflections.
    • Gogol’s surrealism and grotesque humor to show Akaky’s madness.
    • Both use tone to critique the irrationality of obsession.

    Paragraph 7 – Societal Enablers

    • Dexter’s world glamorizes Judy and wealth.
    • Akaky’s world is indifferent and hostile.
    • Both societies encourage the pursuit of illusion over substance.

    Paragraph 8 – The Madness as Metaphor

    • Dexter’s disillusionment = emotional death.
    • Akaky’s literal death = psychological annihilation.
    • Both caution against letting fantasy substitute for human connection.

    Paragraph 9 – Conclusion

    • Restate thesis: magical thinking leads to psychological ruin.
    • Conclude: Fitzgerald and Gogol show that dreams, if not grounded in reality, become nightmares.

    Essay Prompt 3: The Mirage of Self-Invention

    Compare how each character’s pursuit of self-reinvention leads to disappointment and loss. What do the stories suggest about the pitfalls of attempting to create an identity based solely on appearances or fantasies?

    Paragraph 1 – Introduction

    • Introduce the idea of self-invention in modern literature.
    • Fitzgerald and Gogol explore identity construction through social aspiration.
    • Thesis: Both Dexter and Akaky seek to reinvent themselves through superficial means—romance and fashion—and are punished for mistaking external change for true transformation.

    Paragraph 2 – Dexter’s Quest for Identity

    • Dexter reinvents himself from working-class boy to elite golfer and businessman.
    • Sees Judy and wealth as validation of this new identity.
    • His success is built on surface, not substance.

    Paragraph 3 – Akaky’s Moment of Reinvention

    • The coat allows Akaky to imagine a new self.
    • Experiences respect and confidence for the first time.
    • His identity becomes fused with the garment.

    Paragraph 4 – The Collapse of Dexter’s Identity

    • Judy’s indifference shatters Dexter’s illusion.
    • He realizes he was always an outsider.
    • His “winter dreams” melt into regret and lost youth.

    Paragraph 5 – The Collapse of Akaky’s Identity

    • Without the coat, he reverts to invisibility.
    • Becomes physically and emotionally undone.
    • Dies shortly after, confirming the fragility of his identity.

    Paragraph 6 – False Metrics of Success

    • Dexter measured by money and social status.
    • Akaky measured by appearance and uniformity.
    • Both confuse external markers with inner worth.

    Paragraph 7 – Authorial Critique of Superficial Identity

    • Fitzgerald’s critique of American class mobility and romantic idealism.
    • Gogol’s satire of bureaucracy and materialism.
    • Both suggest true identity is not found through appearance or social approval.

    Paragraph 8 – Real versus Fabricated Identity

    • Dexter’s real self never aligned with his fantasy life.
    • Akaky’s core self was never built to survive public recognition.
    • Both built identities on unstable ground.

    Paragraph 9 – Conclusion

    • Reaffirm thesis: self-invention without self-awareness leads to collapse.
    • Conclude: Fitzgerald and Gogol show that chasing identity through externals dooms us to existential crisis.

  • The Algorithmic Self and the Death of Authenticity: 3 College Essay Prompts

    The Algorithmic Self and the Death of Authenticity: 3 College Essay Prompts

    Here are three essay prompts, each suitable for a 9-paragraph essay, that ask students to engage with the concept of Ozempification through comparisons of Black Mirror episodes “Joan Is Awful” and “Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too”, along with Sherry Turkle’s TED Talk “Connected, but alone?”. Each prompt encourages analysis of algorithmic identity, performative selfhood, and the psychological costs of living under constant digital surveillance.

    Ozempification Defined:

    Ozempification is the cultural phenomenon in which individuals pursue algorithmic self-optimization—not to become their most authentic selves, but to conform to marketable standards of desirability, productivity, and social approval. Named after the weight-loss drug Ozempic, this term captures a broader societal shift: the reduction of human identity into a curated, data-driven performance designed to appease commercial algorithms and social metrics. In the Ozempified world, people aren’t living—they’re auditioning, endlessly tweaking their appearance, output, and persona to fit a digital ideal that is polished, palatable, and profoundly hollow. It’s not transformation; it’s conformity, sanitized for mass consumption.


    Prompt 1: The Algorithmic Self and the Death of Authenticity

    In “Joan Is Awful” and “Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too,” characters are forced to live as flattened versions of themselves, manipulated by media systems that extract their identity for profit and spectacle. Sherry Turkle, in her TED Talk “Connected, but alone?” warns that technology fosters performative connection while eroding genuine intimacy and self-awareness.
    Write a 9-paragraph argumentative essay exploring how the concept of Ozempification applies to these characters’ journeys. Are they victims of algorithmic self-optimization? Do they regain any sense of authentic identity by the end? What does Turkle add to our understanding of how technology shapes or distorts the self?


    Prompt 2: Visibility as a Trap—Fame, Surveillance, and the Marketable Self

    Both “Joan Is Awful” and “Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too” present a dystopian vision of fame as a form of imprisonment, where visibility is not freedom but a carefully curated trap. Sherry Turkle argues that our digital lives are making us increasingly lonely, even as we present more of ourselves to others online.
    Write a 9-paragraph essay in which you argue whether the kind of fame and “connection” offered in these stories reflects the pressures of Ozempification—the transformation of identity into a commercially viable product. How do metrics, surveillance, and public performance erode the characters’ freedom? Can one opt out of this system?


    Prompt 3: Rebellion Against the Algorithm—Is Escape Possible?

    In both “Joan Is Awful” and “Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too,” the protagonists attempt to break free from the algorithmic systems that control their identities. Sherry Turkle, however, suggests that even our resistance to digital life often happens within the confines of digital culture.
    Write a 9-paragraph essay arguing whether rebellion against Ozempification is truly possible in these stories—or if the system simply absorbs and repackages dissent. Do Joan and Ashley succeed in reclaiming their humanity, or are they still trapped in a commodified feedback loop? Use Turkle’s ideas to complicate or support your position.


    Here are three 9-paragraph essay outlines based on your Ozempification framework, integrating Black Mirror episodes “Joan Is Awful”, “Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too”, and Sherry Turkle’s TED Talk “Connected, but alone?”. Each outline includes a clear argumentative structure that aligns with your concept of algorithmic self-optimization and cultural conformity.


    Prompt 1: The Algorithmic Self and the Death of Authenticity

    Thesis: In “Joan Is Awful” and “Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too”, the characters are dehumanized by systems that algorithmically flatten their identities into commercial products; Sherry Turkle’s critique of digital connection clarifies how this algorithmic distortion is not just fictional, but a reflection of how real people now perform identity rather than live it.

    Paragraph Outline:

    1. Introduction
      • Define Ozempification
      • Introduce texts
      • Thesis statement
    2. Joan’s Performance of Self
      • How the algorithm reduces her life into a marketable soap opera
      • Her lack of agency, exaggerated identity
    3. Ashley Too and the Pop Persona
      • Ashley O’s identity is hijacked for mass consumption
      • The robot version is more marketable than the real person
    4. Turkle’s Argument on Performed Identity
      • Turkle’s concept of “presentation anxiety”
      • How we curate selves for approval rather than authenticity
    5. Comparison: Technology As Identity Sculptor
      • Link between Joan, Ashley, and Turkle’s view of digital selfhood
      • All three show erosion of real, messy, human identity
    6. The Cost of Algorithmic Identity
      • Mental/emotional collapse in Joan and Ashley
      • Loneliness, confusion, loss of interiority
    7. Turkle’s Critique of Connection vs. Intimacy
      • Illusion of closeness vs. real vulnerability
      • Joan and Ashley are both isolated in their “hyper-connected” worlds
    8. Can Authenticity Be Reclaimed?
      • How characters begin reclaiming their voices
      • Turkle’s call for conversation and solitude
    9. Conclusion
      • Restate thesis
      • Argue that resisting Ozempification requires withdrawing from metrics-based identity altogether

    Prompt 2: Visibility as a Trap—Fame, Surveillance, and the Marketable Self

    Thesis: Fame in “Joan Is Awful” and “Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too” is a form of algorithmic imprisonment, where surveillance and social approval shape identity; Turkle’s TED Talk shows how this kind of fame is not reserved for celebrities—social media has trapped all of us in a system of constant performance and commodified selfhood.

    Paragraph Outline:

    1. Introduction
      • Define Ozempification
      • Preview arguments about fame, surveillance, and identity
      • Thesis statement
    2. Fame as Surveillance in “Joan Is Awful”
      • Joan’s life as a surveillance feed
      • Her every move shaped by the anticipation of how it will be broadcast
    3. Ashley O’s Prison of Pop Stardom
      • Her body and voice controlled by algorithms
      • Her personality repackaged into Ashley Too
    4. Turkle’s View of the “Performance Trap”
      • Social media makes everyone a brand
      • We feel we must be “on” all the time
    5. Comparison: Hyper-Visibility = Powerlessness
      • Joan and Ashley lose control of their own stories
      • Turkle: even non-famous people suffer from this kind of digital exposure
    6. Ozempification as the Engine of Spectacle
      • All three texts show how commercial systems reward polished surfaces, not depth
      • Discuss how likes/followers/ratings become forms of surveillance
    7. Psychological Toll of Perpetual Performance
      • Joan’s breakdown; Ashley’s coma
      • Turkle: tech gives illusion of control, but creates anxiety
    8. Is Escape Possible?
      • Ashley rebels with help; Joan finds the real Joan
      • Turkle: only through conversation and reflection can we break the cycle
    9. Conclusion
      • Restate thesis
      • Argue that visibility, once seen as power, is now a form of algorithmic control

    Prompt 3: Rebellion Against the Algorithm—Is Escape Possible?

    Thesis: While “Joan Is Awful” and “Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too” present rebellion as a satisfying arc, Sherry Turkle’s analysis suggests that true resistance to Ozempification is far more difficult, because even acts of rebellion are easily absorbed and commodified by the very platforms that create the problem.

    Paragraph Outline:

    1. Introduction
      • Define Ozempification
      • Frame question of resistance or rebellion
      • Thesis
    2. Joan’s Attempt to Reclaim Herself
      • Joan fights back against Streamberry
      • Meta-narrative twist that undercuts total victory
    3. Ashley Too’s Escape from the Algorithm
      • Ashley regains voice and control over career
      • Raises question: is she still a product?
    4. Turkle’s Warning About the Limits of Digital Resistance
      • Even our rebellion is curated, staged
      • Tech systems are designed to profit from outrage and performance
    5. Are Joan and Ashley Truly Free?
      • Streamberry continues
      • Ashley now performs a new persona—still being sold
    6. The Platform Always Wins
      • Ozempification is flexible: it absorbs critique and sells it
      • Turkle: self-optimization continues under different branding
    7. Resistance Must Be Non-Digital
      • Turkle: real escape involves stepping away from screens
      • Joan and Ashley don’t fully reject the system—they tweak it
    8. What Would Real Resistance Look Like?
      • Total rejection of metrics, brands, performative identity
      • Vulnerability, slowness, non-digital community
    9. Conclusion
      • Restate thesis
      • The real threat of Ozempification is its adaptability; rebellion must be deeper than aesthetic defiance

  • Culinary Code-Switching or Cultural Betrayal? 3 College Essay Prompts

    Culinary Code-Switching or Cultural Betrayal? 3 College Essay Prompts

    Here are three essay prompts suitable for 9-paragraph argumentative essays that challenge students to explore how cultural adaptation, authenticity, and survival intersect in the evolution of Mexican and Chinese cuisines in the United States. These prompts invite complexity, evidence-based reasoning, and personal insight.


    Prompt 1: In Defense of Delicious Deviations

    Essay Prompt:
    Some critics dismiss American Chinese food and modern Mexican cuisine—like orange chicken or the Korean BBQ burrito—as watered-down, inauthentic versions of their cultural roots. Yet such critiques ignore the ways immigrant communities have used food as both survival strategy and creative resistance. In a 9-paragraph essay, argue whether the label “inauthentic” does more harm than good. Draw from The Search for General Tso, Gustavo Arellano’s “Let White People Appropriate Mexican Food,” and at least two of the following: Hayford’s “Who’s Afraid of Chop Suey,” Erway’s “More Than Just Takeout,” Kwok’s “‘Not Real Chinese,’” or Fan’s “Searching for America with General Tso.”

    • Your task: Defend, refute, or complicate the claim that cultural adaptation in food should be celebrated, not shamed.

    Prompt 2: Culinary Code-Switching or Cultural Betrayal?

    Essay Prompt:
    Is American Chinese and modern Mexican cuisine a brilliant example of culinary code-switching—adapting to survive and thrive in a new world—or does it betray the deeper flavors and values of its ancestral roots? In a 9-paragraph essay, take a stand on whether fusion and adaptation are a form of cultural resilience or erasure. Use The Search for General Tso, Arellano’s essay, and at least two supporting essays (Hayford, Erway, Kwok, or Fan) to develop your argument.

    • Your task: Consider the historical and economic pressures on immigrant communities that helped shape these cuisines. Should these hybrid dishes be considered a vibrant part of American food culture—or a distortion of heritage?

    Prompt 3: The Myth of Purity in the Melting Pot

    Essay Prompt:
    In both Chinese and Mexican American food traditions, authenticity has become a loaded term—used by foodies as a badge of honor, and by some critics as a bludgeon against change. In a 9-paragraph essay, examine how the myth of “authenticity” often erases the stories of innovation, hardship, and transformation that shaped these cuisines. Should authenticity be a rigid standard, or a flexible narrative that evolves with history and context?

    • Your task: Analyze the role that racism, assimilation, and economic survival have played in shaping what Americans now call “Mexican” or “Chinese” food. Draw from The Search for General Tso, Arellano’s essay, and at least two others from the reading list.

  • The Loneliness of the Digitally Depressed: 3 College Essay Prompts

    The Loneliness of the Digitally Depressed: 3 College Essay Prompts

    Here are three essay prompts suitable for a 9-paragraph college composition essay. Each prompt asks students to analyze Lacie Pound’s breakdown in “Nosedive” and Bing’s unraveling in “Fifteen Million Merits” as metaphors for human fragility in a world dominated by social media. The prompts also integrate required readings/viewings for synthesis.


    Prompt 1: The Performance Trap

    Essay Prompt:
    In both Black Mirror episodes “Nosedive” and “Fifteen Million Merits,” the protagonists—Lacie Pound and Bing—descend into psychological breakdowns as they chase social validation in environments governed by artificial approval systems. In an essay, argue how these episodes critique the emotional costs of performative identity on social media platforms. Use examples from the Netflix documentary The Social Dilemma, Jonathan Haidt’s essay “Why the Past 10 Years of American Life Have Been Uniquely Stupid”, and Sherry Turkle’s TED Talk “Connected But Not Alone” to support your argument.


    Prompt 2: The Loneliness of the Digitally Obsessed

    Essay Prompt:
    Lacie and Bing both inhabit worlds where constant connectivity and digital feedback loops result not in stronger relationships, but in alienation, anxiety, and emotional collapse. In a 9-paragraph essay, analyze how these characters’ breakdowns illustrate the loneliness, anxiety, and social dysfunction that emerge when technology replaces genuine connection. Reference The Social Dilemma, Jonathan Haidt’s critique of social fragmentation, and Sherry Turkle’s warning about the illusion of digital intimacy to enrich your argument.


    Prompt 3: Digital Status and the Death of Authenticity

    Essay Prompt:
    In “Nosedive” and “Fifteen Million Merits,” social capital is earned through artificial behavior, self-censorship, and shallow conformity—leading the protagonists to lose their sense of identity and eventually unravel. Write a 9-paragraph essay in which you argue that these emotional and psychological breakdowns reveal how social media erodes authenticity and amplifies human vulnerability. Incorporate evidence from The Social Dilemma, Jonathan Haidt’s discussion of outrage culture, and Sherry Turkle’s insights on authenticity and selfhood in the digital age.


    Here are 9-paragraph essay outlines for the three prompts above. Each outline follows a classic structure: Introduction, 3 body paragraphs (for the main argument), 1 counterargument with rebuttal, 3 synthesis/body paragraphs incorporating outside sources, and a conclusion.


    Prompt 1 Outline: The Performance Trap

    Thesis:
    In Nosedive and Fifteen Million Merits, Lacie Pound and Bing unravel under the pressure of performative digital identities, illustrating how social media compels people to trade authenticity for approval—often at the cost of their mental health.

    1. Introduction

    • Hook: The rise of social media has turned human interaction into theater.
    • Background on both episodes: Lacie’s obsession with ratings; Bing’s conformity and disillusionment.
    • Thesis statement (see above).

    2. Body Paragraph 1 – Lacie’s Breakdown

    • Lacie’s desperation to raise her score.
    • Her descent into chaos after a series of “bad ratings.”
    • Final breakdown as a liberation from the performance trap.

    3. Body Paragraph 2 – Bing’s Rebellion

    • Bing’s robotic routine in the merit economy.
    • His explosion during the talent show—a cry against the inauthentic system.
    • Irony of his rebellion being monetized into a show.

    4. Body Paragraph 3 – Shared Theme: Social Performance

    • Performative identity dominates both dystopias.
    • Both characters lose themselves in artificial roles.
    • Psychological toll of constant judgment.

    5. Counterargument & Rebuttal

    • Counterargument: Social media lets us curate better versions of ourselves—what’s the harm?
    • Rebuttal: These curated versions become prisons, eroding self-worth and authenticity.

    6. Body Paragraph 4 – The Social Dilemma

    • Algorithms drive behavior and reward extremes.
    • Tech addiction and its effect on self-image and attention.
    • Parallels to the rating economy in Nosedive.

    7. Body Paragraph 5 – Haidt’s “Uniquely Stupid”

    • Polarization and moral outrage amplified by social platforms.
    • Pressure to conform and perform within ideological bubbles.
    • Connection to Bing’s scripted world.

    8. Body Paragraph 6 – Turkle’s “Connected But Not Alone”

    • Illusion of connection in digital spaces.
    • Empathy and deep communication are lost.
    • Lacie’s friendships are transactional, not real.

    9. Conclusion

    • Reaffirm thesis: Performance culture online leads to emotional ruin.
    • Lacie and Bing show us the dangers of constructing identity around approval.
    • Final thought: Only authenticity can break the loop.

    Prompt 2 Outline: The Loneliness of the Digitally Obsessed

    Thesis:
    The emotional collapse of Lacie Pound and Bing in Black Mirror reveals the paradox of digital life: constant connection breeds deeper loneliness, not community.

    1. Introduction

    • Hook: More “likes,” less love—social media’s cruel trick.
    • Set up both characters’ digital environments.
    • Thesis (see above).

    2. Body Paragraph 1 – Lacie’s Isolation

    • Her neediness disguised as friendliness.
    • Friendships based on score, not connection.
    • Humiliation at the wedding—no one truly cares for her.

    3. Body Paragraph 2 – Bing’s Disconnection

    • No family, no friends—just screens and routine.
    • His only emotional bond is with Abi, which is commodified.
    • His scream is a plea for meaning, not fame.

    4. Body Paragraph 3 – Loneliness as the Real Villain

    • Technology promises intimacy but delivers alienation.
    • Both Lacie and Bing are surrounded by people but utterly alone.
    • Their breakdowns are silent indictments of a social system that dehumanizes.

    5. Counterargument & Rebuttal

    • Counterargument: Social media helps people stay connected and make friends.
    • Rebuttal: Superficial “likes” and follows can’t replace real relationships. The deeper the platform, the shallower the intimacy.

    6. Body Paragraph 4 – The Social Dilemma

    • Engineers of these platforms admit they’re designed for addiction.
    • Dopamine loops make people lonelier despite constant scrolling.
    • Lacie’s smile is a twitch, not joy.

    7. Body Paragraph 5 – Haidt’s Argument

    • Young people more anxious, depressed post-2010.
    • Social media accelerates isolation and tribalism.
    • Bing’s world is an algorithmic hellscape.

    8. Body Paragraph 6 – Turkle’s Warnings

    • “Alone together”: people are never truly present.
    • Loss of empathy, emotional shallowness.
    • Both episodes echo Turkle’s warning—connection isn’t communion.

    9. Conclusion

    • Reaffirm thesis: Digital connection is a poor substitute for emotional intimacy.
    • Lacie and Bing didn’t fail—they were failed by a system that glorifies empty interaction.
    • Final thought: If we don’t reclaim solitude and real connection, we’re next.

    Prompt 3 Outline: Digital Status and the Death of Authenticity

    Thesis:
    Lacie Pound and Bing’s emotional breakdowns show how social media culture kills authenticity by forcing users into roles that prioritize appearance over integrity—and the result is emotional collapse.

    1. Introduction

    • Hook: “Be yourself” is the biggest lie on the internet.
    • Introduce Nosedive and Fifteen Million Merits.
    • Thesis (see above).

    2. Body Paragraph 1 – Lacie’s Fake Persona

    • Her voice, smile, and entire existence are curated.
    • She rehearses jokes and compliments for likes.
    • Meltdown at the wedding is her only authentic moment.

    3. Body Paragraph 2 – Bing’s Fake Rebellion

    • Bing seems to break free with his speech.
    • But he trades rebellion for comfort—a fake freedom.
    • His window views are illusions, not liberation.

    4. Body Paragraph 3 – The Cost of Inauthenticity

    • Characters who play the game are rewarded—but spiritually dead.
    • Both Lacie and Bing suffer because they pretend too long.
    • Authenticity becomes a threat to the system.

    5. Counterargument & Rebuttal

    • Counterargument: Curation isn’t inauthentic—it’s just smart self-presentation.
    • Rebuttal: The line between curation and deception is thin—and soul-eroding. When your self is always for sale, it stops being yours.

    6. Body Paragraph 4 – The Social Dilemma

    • Platforms pressure users to constantly perform.
    • “Likes” become currency.
    • Lacie is the product—packaged, polished, and miserable.

    7. Body Paragraph 5 – Haidt’s Argument

    • Users curate tribal identities that suppress individual thought.
    • Emotional fragility results when self-worth depends on feedback.
    • Bing’s rage is born from a system that sells authenticity back as a brand.

    8. Body Paragraph 6 – Turkle’s Idea of the “Edited Self”

    • Real selves are messy; platforms demand polish.
    • Turkle warns that over-curation kills growth.
    • Lacie and Bing both show what happens when your online persona becomes your prison.

    9. Conclusion

    • Reaffirm thesis: Digital culture flattens us into caricatures.
    • Lacie and Bing tried to survive by faking it—and paid the price.
    • Final thought: In a world that sells identity, being real is the most rebellious act.

  • Is Football Immoral Entertainment or Heroic Spectacle? 3 College Essay Prompts

    Is Football Immoral Entertainment or Heroic Spectacle? 3 College Essay Prompts

    Here are three argumentative essay prompts suitable for a 9-paragraph essay that ask college students to critically evaluate the claim that football is too dangerous to be allowed, while integrating multiple sources and perspectives:


    Prompt 1: “Freedom vs. Paternalism: Should Football Be Banned for Its Dangers?”

    Essay Prompt:
    Some argue that football should be banned due to its inherent risks—brain trauma, long-term disability, and early death—especially when these dangers are now well-documented through studies, documentaries like Concussion, and essays such as “Offensive Play” by Malcolm Gladwell and “Youth Football Is a Moral Abdication” by Kathleen Bachynski. Others argue that adults, like bodybuilder Ronnie Coleman in The King, have the right to punish their bodies for greatness. Should society protect athletes from themselves, or should personal freedom and the pursuit of glory override concerns about safety?

    Thesis Requirement:
    Take a position on whether football should be banned, regulated further, or left alone. Consider the ethical tension between protecting individuals and respecting their freedom to accept risk.


    Prompt 2: “Is Football Immoral Entertainment or Heroic Spectacle?”

    Essay Prompt:
    Critics like Steve Almond in “Is It Immoral to Watch the Super Bowl?” argue that football is exploitative, violent, and unethically consumed as entertainment by fans who ignore the human cost. Yet, defenders claim that physical sacrifice is the very essence of elite sports, citing Ronnie Coleman’s punishing regimen or the spectacle of NFL Sundays. Drawing from Concussion, Ronnie Coleman: The King, and at least three essays from the list above, argue whether watching and supporting football is morally indefensible—or a celebration of human extremes that demands respect, not condemnation.

    Thesis Requirement:
    Argue whether football spectatorship is morally wrong, or whether it reflects a deeper cultural valorization of sacrifice and spectacle that deserves to continue.

    Prompt 3: “A Necessary Risk? Comparing Football to Other High-Impact Sports”

    Essay Prompt:
    Football is often singled out for its violence and long-term damage to players, as shown in the essays by Dave Bry and Ingfei Chen. But many other sports—MMA, boxing, gymnastics, bodybuilding—also inflict harm in pursuit of greatness. Is it fair to hold football to a different standard? Using Concussion, Ronnie Coleman: The King, and at least three essays from the list, write an argumentative essay that addresses whether football is uniquely immoral—or simply another example of how society accepts risk in exchange for performance and entertainment.

    Thesis Requirement:
    Argue whether football should be abolished due to its extreme risks, or whether it should be viewed in the same ethical category as other dangerous yet glorified sports.

  • Comparing Resistance to the Sunken Place in the Movie Get Out and the Life of Frederick Douglass: 3 Essay Prompts

    Comparing Resistance to the Sunken Place in the Movie Get Out and the Life of Frederick Douglass: 3 Essay Prompts

    Here are three argumentative essay prompts suitable for a 9-paragraph essay that explore how Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Jordan Peele’s Get Out use the concept of the Sunken Place—whether literal or metaphorical—to reveal how racism dehumanizes, and how resistance can lead to liberation and agency.


    Prompt 1: The Fight to Reclaim the Self

    Essay Prompt:
    Both Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Get Out explore how slavery and racism rob people of their autonomy and identity, trapping them in a psychological “Sunken Place.” Write an argumentative essay analyzing how Douglass and Chris struggle to reclaim their personhood. Whose escape from the Sunken Place carries a more powerful message for modern audiences, and why?

    Key Themes to Consider:

    • Psychological captivity and dehumanization
    • Literacy and perception as tools of resistance
    • Voice vs. voicelessness
    • Breaking free—literal and symbolic escapes

    Prompt 2: Racism as Psychological Warfare

    Essay Prompt:
    Jordan Peele’s Get Out introduces the Sunken Place as a metaphor for the paralyzing effects of racism. Frederick Douglass’s memoir reveals how slavery functioned similarly—as a system designed to psychologically disarm and silence Black people. Write a 9-paragraph essay comparing how each text shows racism operating not just physically, but psychologically, and argue which representation is more effective in showing the true depth of racial oppression.

    Key Themes to Consider:

    • Mind control and learned helplessness
    • Surveillance, control, and social “hypnosis”
    • The role of silence and invisibility
    • Liberation through consciousness and rebellion

    Prompt 3: Resistance as a Path Out of the Sunken Place

    Essay Prompt:
    In both Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Get Out, the protagonists face overwhelming systems of control—but both find ways to resist. Write an argumentative essay analyzing how Douglass and Chris resist oppression and reclaim power. Which character’s resistance offers a more effective model for overcoming systemic injustice today?

    Key Themes to Consider:

    • Subversion, deception, and rebellion
    • Education vs. survival instinct
    • Heroism and moral courage
    • The journey from victimhood to agency

    Here are three argumentative essay prompts designed for a 9-paragraph essay that compares themes in Malcolm X (1992) and Black Panther (2018). Each prompt invites students to explore how the two films depict Black identity, resistance, and leadership while allowing room for critical thinking, comparison, and rebuttal:


    Prompt 1: Heroism and Resistance

    Essay Prompt:
    Both Malcolm X and Black Panther present Black protagonists who wrestle with systems of oppression and redefine what it means to be a hero. Write an argumentative essay comparing how Malcolm X and T’Challa evolve in their views on resistance and justice. Which film presents a more compelling vision of heroism in the face of racial oppression?

    Guiding Themes:

    • Radical vs. diplomatic resistance
    • Personal transformation as political awakening
    • The burden and responsibility of leadership
    • Sacrifice and moral complexity in defining heroism
  • Comparing Heroism and Resistance in the Movies Malcolm X and Black Panther: 3 Essay Prompts

    Comparing Heroism and Resistance in the Movies Malcolm X and Black Panther: 3 Essay Prompts

    Here are three argumentative essay prompts designed for a 9-paragraph essay that compares themes in Malcolm X (1992) and Black Panther (2018). Each prompt invites students to explore how the two films depict Black identity, resistance, and leadership while allowing room for critical thinking, comparison, and rebuttal:


    Prompt 1: Heroism and Resistance

    Essay Prompt:
    Both Malcolm X and Black Panther present Black protagonists who wrestle with systems of oppression and redefine what it means to be a hero. Write an argumentative essay comparing how Malcolm X and T’Challa evolve in their views on resistance and justice. Which film presents a more compelling vision of heroism in the face of racial oppression?

    Guiding Themes:

    • Radical vs. diplomatic resistance
    • Personal transformation as political awakening
    • The burden and responsibility of leadership
    • Sacrifice and moral complexity in defining heroism

    Prompt 2: Black Identity and Global Responsibility

    Essay Prompt:
    Malcolm X and Black Panther both challenge their audiences to rethink what it means to be Black in a global context. Using these two films, write an essay arguing whether the personal journey of Malcolm X or the political journey of Wakanda offers a more powerful vision for modern Black identity.

    Guiding Themes:

    • Pan-Africanism and global Black solidarity
    • The role of isolation vs. engagement with the world
    • Cultural pride, history, and reimagined futures
    • The tension between tradition and evolution

    Prompt 3: Rage, Revolution, and the Ethics of Power

    Essay Prompt:
    Both Malcolm X and Erik Killmonger are driven by rage born from historical injustice. Yet while one channels that rage into spiritual and political leadership, the other weaponizes it. Write an argumentative essay comparing how each film uses these characters to explore the ethics of power, revenge, and revolution.

    Guiding Themes:

    • Righteous anger vs. destructive rage
    • Violence as a political tool
    • Redemption, change, and moral ambiguity
    • Legacies of trauma and systemic injustice
  • The Football Team Will Write About the Morality of Football for Our Freshman Composition Class

    The Football Team Will Write About the Morality of Football for Our Freshman Composition Class

    Next fall, I’ll be teaching freshman composition to the college football team, so I’m looking at the topic of football for one of their essay units.

    Here are three argumentative essay prompts that compare the book Against Football by Steve Almond with the film Concussion (2015, dir. Peter Landesman), all designed to be suitable for a 9-paragraph college essay structure (intro, 3 body sections with 2 paragraphs each, counterargument and rebuttal, conclusion). 

    Each prompt pushes students to wrestle with ethical, cultural, or systemic questions in a way that connects to their personal investment as student-athletes, without being simplistic or moralizing.


    Prompt 1: “The Morality of the Game”

    To what extent does Against Football and Concussion suggest that supporting or playing football is morally indefensible in light of what we now know about brain trauma, exploitation, and the business of the sport? Should young people still pursue football as a career path, given the risks?

    • In your essay, compare how Almond and the film depict the ethical stakes of football: What arguments do they make about the price players pay—physically, emotionally, and socially?
    • Analyze how both texts address public complicity: fans, media, institutions.
    • Take a clear stance: Can football be reformed, or is it inherently harmful?
    • Address the counterargument that football builds character, community, and economic opportunity—especially for marginalized groups.

    Prompt 2: “Who Owns the Narrative?”

    Both Against Football and Concussion challenge the dominant narrative that football is a patriotic, character-building institution. Who controls the narrative about football, and what do these two texts reveal about the gap between myth and reality?

    • Analyze how each text critiques the institutional power of the NFL and media: what’s hidden, denied, or spun?
    • Discuss how truth-tellers like Steve Almond and Dr. Bennet Omalu are treated when they challenge football’s mythology.
    • Evaluate the cultural need to preserve football’s heroic image. Who benefits?
    • Address the counterargument that critique undermines a beloved national tradition and can have unintended consequences for working-class athletes.

    Prompt 3: “Risk, Choice, and Exploitation”

    Do players—especially college athletes—truly understand and consent to the risks of playing football, or are they part of a system that exploits them for entertainment and profit? Use Against Football and Concussion to explore how knowledge, agency, and power intersect in the sport.

    • Analyze how the film and book portray informed consent—do players know what they’re signing up for?
    • Compare how the NCAA and NFL manage risk and liability, and who bears the consequences.
    • Examine the role of race, class, and opportunity: how does background shape one’s ability to walk away?
    • Address the counterargument that players have free will, financial incentives, and personal responsibility to weigh the risks.

    Here are five counterarguments that defend football against the criticisms raised by Steve Almond’s Against Football and the film Concussion—each paired with a rationale that students can expand into argumentative paragraphs or use in rebuttal sections:


    1. Football Builds Character, Discipline, and Resilience

    Defense:
    While Almond argues that football glorifies violence and toxic masculinity, defenders claim the sport instills discipline, work ethic, time management, and perseverance. Players must memorize complex plays, train year-round, and learn how to function under pressure—skills transferable to education, careers, and life.

    Example expansion:
    For many young athletes, football teaches more than just how to tackle. It’s a structured environment that requires commitment and accountability, often keeping students academically eligible and socially supported in school communities.


    2. Informed Consent and Autonomy

    Defense:
    Critics like Almond and Concussion raise serious concerns about brain injuries, but players—especially adults—now have increasing access to information about those risks. If someone chooses to play football despite those risks, it’s their right. To suggest otherwise is to infantilize athletes and undermine their agency.

    Example expansion:
    We allow adults to drive motorcycles, box, or climb Everest—why should football be different? Autonomy means respecting a person’s right to assess danger and still choose to participate.


    3. Football Creates Educational and Economic Opportunities

    Defense:
    For many students, especially from low-income communities, football offers a path to college, scholarships, and sometimes even professional careers. Removing or diminishing football could eliminate one of the few structured pipelines to higher education.

    Example expansion:
    Steve Almond critiques the exploitative nature of college football, but what alternatives exist that offer the same combination of structure, community, and opportunity? For some, football is the only shot at upward mobility.


    4. Reforms Are Happening—Football Isn’t Static

    Defense:
    Football has changed. Rules have evolved to protect quarterbacks and defenseless receivers, and protocols around concussions are stricter than ever. Critics assume the sport is frozen in time, but it’s adapting to new science and pressure from advocates.

    Example expansion:
    While Concussion dramatizes the NFL’s history of denial, today’s league invests in helmet technology, baseline testing, and return-to-play guidelines. Youth leagues are teaching safer tackling methods. Progress is slow, but it’s happening.


    5. Football Builds Community and Cultural Unity

    Defense:
    Football isn’t just a sport—it’s a shared cultural ritual. From Friday night lights to Super Bowl Sunday, it creates bonds between families, towns, and regions. For many Americans, football is one of the few communal experiences left.

    Example expansion:
    Almond sees fandom as complicit, but fans see themselves as part of something larger—cheering for their school, city, or nation. That sense of belonging can be powerful, especially in an increasingly fragmented society.

  • Writing in the Time of Deepfakes: One Professor’s Attempt to Stay Human

    Writing in the Time of Deepfakes: One Professor’s Attempt to Stay Human

    My colleagues in the English Department were just as rattled as I was by the AI invasion creeping into student assignments. So, a meeting was called—one of those “brown bag” sessions, which, despite being optional, had the gravitational pull of a freeway pile-up. The crisis of the hour? AI.

    Would these generative writing tools, adopted by the masses at breakneck speed, render us as obsolete as VHS repairmen? The room was packed with jittery, over-caffeinated professors, myself included, all bracing for the educational apocalypse. One by one, they hurled doomsday scenarios into the mix, each more dire than the last, until the collective existential dread became thick enough to spread on toast.

    First up: What do you do when a foreign language student submits an essay written in their native tongue, then let’s play translator? Is it cheating? Does the term “English Department” even make sense anymore when our Los Angeles campus sounds like a United Nations general assembly? Are we teaching “English,” or are we, more accurately, teaching “the writing process” to people of many languages with AI now tagging along as a co-author?

    Next came the AI Tsunami, a term we all seemed to embrace with a mix of dread and resignation. What do we do when we’ve reached the point that 90% of the essays we receive are peppered with AI speak so robotic it sounds like Siri decided to write a term paper? We were all skeptical about AI detectors—about as reliable as a fortune teller reading tea leaves. I shared my go-to strategy: Instead of accusing a student of cheating (because who has time for that drama?), I simply leave a comment, dripping with professional distaste: “Your essay reeks of AI-generated nonsense. I’m giving it a D because I cannot, in good conscience, grade this higher. If you’d like to rewrite it with actual human effort, be my guest.” The room nodded in approval.

    But here’s the thing: The real existential crisis hit when we realized that the hardworking, honest students are busting their butts for B’s, while the tech-savvy slackers are gaming the system, walking away with A’s by running their bland prose through the AI carwash. The room buzzed with a strange mixture of outrage and surrender—because let’s be honest, at least the grammar and spelling errors are nearly extinct.

    As I walked out of that meeting, I had a new writing prompt simmering in my head for my students: “Write an argumentative essay exploring how AI platforms like ChatGPT will reshape education. Project how these technologies might be used in the future and consider the ethical lines that AI use blurs. Should we embrace AI as a tool, or do we need hard rules to curb its misuse? Address academic integrity, critical thinking, and whether AI widens or narrows the education gap.”

    When I got home that day, gripped by a rare and fleeting bout of efficiency, I crammed my car with a mountain of e-waste—prehistoric laptops, arthritic tablets, and cell phones so ancient they might as well have been carved from stone. Off to the City of Torrance E-Waste Drive I went, joining a procession of guilty consumers exorcising their technological demons, all of us making way for the next wave of AI-powered miracles. The line stretched endlessly, a funeral procession for our obsolescent gadgets, each of us unwitting foot soldiers in the ever-accelerating war of planned obsolescence.

    As I inched forward, I tuned into a podcast—Mark Cuban sparring with Bill Maher. Cuban, ever the capitalist prophet, was adamant: AI would never be regulated. It was America’s golden goose, the secret weapon for maintaining global dominance. And here I was, stuck in a serpentine line of believers, each of us dumping yesterday’s tech sins into a giant industrial dumpster, fueling the next cycle of the great AI arms race.

    I entertained the thought of tearing open my shirt to reveal a Captain America emblem, fully embracing the absurdity of it all. This wasn’t just teaching anymore—it was an uprising. If I was going to lead it, I’d need to be Moses descending from Mount Sinai, armed not with stone tablets but with AI Laws. Without them, I’d be no better than a fish flopping helplessly on the banks of a drying river. To enter this new era unprepared wasn’t just foolish—it was professional malpractice. My survival depended on understanding this beast before it devoured my profession.

    That’s when the writing demon slithered in, ever the opportunist.

    “These AI laws could be a book. Put you on the map, bro.”

    I rolled my eyes. “A book? Please. Ten thousand words isn’t a book. It’s a pamphlet.”

    “Loser,” the demon sneered.

    But I was older now, wiser. I had followed this demon down enough literary dead ends to know better. The premise was too flimsy. I wasn’t here to write another book—I was here to write a warning against writing books, especially in the AI age, where the pitfalls were deeper, crueler, and exponentially dumber.

    “I still won,” the demon cackled. “Because you’re writing a book about not writing a book. Which means… you’re writing a book.”

    I smirked. “It’s not a book. It’s The Confessions of a Recovering Writing Addict. So pack your bags and get the hell out.”

    ***

    My colleague on the technology and education committee asked me to give a presentation for FLEX day at the start of the Spring 2025 semester. Not because I was some revered elder statesman whose wisdom was indispensable in these chaotic times. No, the real reason was far less flattering: As an incurable Manuscriptus Rex, I had been flooding her inbox with my mini manifestos on teaching writing in the Age of AI, and saddling me with this Herculean task was her way of keeping me too busy to send any more. A strategic masterstroke, really.

    Knowing my audience would be my colleagues—seasoned professors, not wide-eyed students—cranked the pressure to unbearable levels. Teaching students is one thing. Professors? A whole different beast. They know every rhetorical trick in the book, can sniff out schtick from across campus, and have a near-religious disdain for self-evident pontification. If I was going to stand in front of them and talk about teaching writing in the AI Age, I had better bring something substantial—something useful—because the one thing worse than a bad presentation is a room full of academics who know it’s bad and won’t bother hiding their contempt.

    To make matters worse, this was FLEX day—the first day back from a long, blissful break. Professors don’t roll into FLEX day with enthusiasm. They arrive in one of two states: begrudging grumpiness or outright denial, as if by refusing to acknowledge the semester’s start, they could stave it off a little longer. The odds of winning over this audience were not just low; they were downright hostile.

    I felt wildly out of my depth. Who was I to deliver some grand pronouncement on “essential laws” for teaching in the AI Age when I was barely keeping my own head above water? I wasn’t some oracle of pedagogical wisdom—I was a mole burrowing blindly through the shifting academic terrain, hoping to sniff my way out of catastrophe.

    What saved me was my pride. I dove in, consumed every article, study, and think piece I could find, experimented with my own writing assignments, gathered feedback from students and colleagues, and rewrote my presentation so many times that it seeped into my subconscious. I’d wake up in the middle of the night, drool on my face, furious that I couldn’t remember the flawless elocution of my dream-state lecture.

    Google Slides became my operating table, and I was the desperate surgeon, deleting and rearranging slides with the urgency of someone trying to perform a last-minute heart transplant. To make things worse, unlike a stand-up comedian, I had no smaller venue to test my material before stepping onto what, in my fevered mind, felt like my Netflix Special: Teaching Writing in the AI Age—The Essential Guide.

    The stress was relentless. I woke up drenched in sweat, tormented by visions of failure—public humiliation so excruciating it belonged in a bad movie. But I kept going, revising, rewriting, refining.

    ***

    During the winter break as I prepared my AI presentation, I recall one surreal nightmare—a bureaucratic limbo masquerading as a college elective. The course had no purpose other than to grant students enough credits to graduate. No curriculum, no topics, no teaching—just endless hours of supervised inertia. My role? Clock in, clock out, and do absolutely nothing.

    The students were oddly cheerful, like campers at some low-budget retreat. They brought packed lunches, sprawled across desks, and killed time with card games and checkers. They socialized, laughed, and blissfully ignored the fact that this whole charade was a colossal waste of time. Meanwhile, I sat there, twitching with existential dread. The urge to teach something—anything—gnawed at my gut. But that was forbidden. I was there to babysit, not educate.

    The shame hung on me like wet clothes. I felt obsolete, like a relic from the days when education had meaning. The minutes dragged by like a DMV line, each one stretching into a slow, agonizing eternity. I wondered if this Kafkaesque hell was a punishment for still believing that teaching is more than glorified daycare.

    This dream echoes a fear many writing instructors share: irrelevance. Daniel Herman explores this anxiety in his essay, “The End of High-School English.” He laments how students have always found shortcuts to learning—CliffsNotes, YouTube summaries—but still had to confront the terror of a blank page. Now, with AI tools like ChatGPT, that gatekeeping moment is gone. Writing is no longer a “metric for intelligence” or a teachable skill, Herman claims.

    I agree to an extent. Yes, AI can generate competent writing faster than a student pulling an all-nighter. But let’s not pretend this is new. Even in pre-ChatGPT days, students outsourced essays to parents, tutors, and paid services. We were always grappling with academic honesty. What’s different now is the scale of disruption.

    Herman’s deeper question—just how necessary are writing instructors in the age of AI—is far more troubling. Can ChatGPT really replace us? Maybe it can teach grammar and structure well enough for mundane tasks. But writing instructors have a higher purpose: teaching students to recognize the difference between surface-level mediocrity and powerful, persuasive writing.

    Herman himself admits that ChatGPT produces essays that are “adequate” but superficial. Sure, it can churn out syntactically flawless drivel, but syntax isn’t everything. Writing that leaves a lasting impression—“Higher Writing”—is built on sharp thought, strong argumentation, and a dynamic authorial voice. Think Baldwin, Didion, or Nabokov. That’s the standard. I’d argue it’s our job to steer students away from lifeless, task-oriented prose and toward writing that resonates.

    Herman’s pessimism about students’ indifference to rhetorical nuance and literary flair is half-baked at best. Sure, dive too deep into the murky waters of Shakespearean arcana or Melville’s endless tangents, and you’ll bore them stiff—faster than an unpaid intern at a three-hour faculty meeting. But let’s get real. You didn’t go into teaching to serve as a human snooze button. You went into sales, whether you like it or not. And this brings us to the first principle of teaching in the AI Age: The Sales Principle. And what are you selling? Persona, ideas, and the antidote to chaos.

    First up: persona. It’s not just about writing—it’s about becoming. How do you craft an identity, project it with swagger, and use it to navigate life’s messiness? When students read Oscar Wilde, Frederick Douglass, or Octavia Butler, they don’t just see words on a page—they see mastery. A fully-realized persona commands attention with wit, irony, and rhetorical flair. Wilde nailed it when he said, “The first task in life is to assume a pose.” He wasn’t joking. That pose—your persona—grows stronger through mastery of language and argumentation. Once students catch a glimpse of that, they want it. They crave the power to command a room, not just survive it. And let’s be clear—ChatGPT isn’t in the persona business. That’s your turf.

    Next: ideas. You became a teacher because you believe in the transformative power of ideas. Great ideas don’t just fill word counts; they ignite brains and reshape worldviews. Over the years, students have thanked me for introducing them to concepts that stuck with them like intellectual tattoos. Take Bread and Circus—the idea that a tiny elite has always controlled the masses through cheap food and mindless entertainment. Students eat that up (pun intended). Or nihilism—the grim doctrine that nothing matters and we’re all here just killing time before we die. They’ll argue over that for hours. And Rousseau’s “noble savage” versus the myth of human hubris? They’ll debate whether we’re pure souls corrupted by society or doomed from birth by faulty wiring like it’s the Super Bowl of philosophy.

    ChatGPT doesn’t sell ideas. It regurgitates language like a well-trained parrot, but without the fire of intellectual curiosity. You, on the other hand, are in the idea business. If you’re not selling your students on the thrill of big ideas, you’re failing at your job.

    Finally: chaos. Most people live in a swirling mess of dysfunction and anxiety. You sell your students the tools to push back: discipline, routine, and what Cal Newport calls “deep work.” Writers like Newport, Oliver Burkeman, Phil Stutz, and Angela Duckworth offer blueprints for repelling chaos and replacing it with order. ChatGPT can’t teach students to prioritize, strategize, or persevere. That’s your domain.

    So keep honing your pitch. You’re selling something AI can’t: a powerful persona, the transformative power of ideas, and the tools to carve order from the chaos. ChatGPT can crunch words all it wants, but when it comes to shaping human beings, it’s just another cog. You? You’re the architect.

    Thinking about my sales pitch, I realize I  should be grateful—forty years of teaching college writing is no small privilege. After all, the very pillars that make the job meaningful—cultivating a strong persona, wrestling with enduring ideas, and imposing structure on chaos—are the same things I revere in great novels. The irony, of course, is that while I can teach these elements with ease, I’ve proven, time and again, to be utterly incapable of executing them in a novel of my own.

    Take persona: Nabokov’s Lolita is a master class in voice, its narrator so hypnotically deranged that we can’t look away. Enduring ideas? The Brothers Karamazov crams more existential dilemmas into its pages than both the Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia combined. And the highest function of the novel—to wrestle chaos into coherence? All great fiction does this. A well-shaped novel tames the disarray of human experience, elevating it into something that feels sacred, untouchable.

    I should be grateful that I’ve spent four decades dissecting these elements in the classroom. But the writing demon lurking inside me has other plans. It insists that no real fulfillment is possible unless I bottle these features into a novel of my own. I push back. I tell the demon that some of history’s greatest minds didn’t waste their time with novels—Pascal confined his genius to aphorisms, Dante to poetry, Sophocles to tragic plays. Why, then, am I so obsessed with writing a novel? Perhaps because it is such a human offering, something that defies the deepfakes that inundate us.